经济界

中国经济正处于结构转型与外部环境复杂化的双重压力之下，提振消费、扩大内需再一次成为经济政策的主轴。本轮扩大内需不能完全照搬历次经验，需依据经济发展阶段与实际情况动态调整。当前中国消费市场潜力巨大，但仍面临居民收入增速放缓、传统消费品相对过剩、消费制度体系有待完善等挑战。2024年中央经济工作会议定调“更加积极的财政政策”与“适度宽松的货币政策”，在此基调下，财政政策或将更加聚焦需求侧发力，更为宽松的货币政策有望陆续推出，精准投向新兴产业以培育新质生产力或将成为扩大投资效能的核心导向，以及深化“投资于人”结构性改革提振14亿人口的结构性消费能力。

This study examines China's economic policy response to the dual pressures of structural transformation and complex external conditions,where boosting consumption and expanding domestic demand have re-emerged as central policy priorities.Recognizing that past approaches are insufficient given the current development stage,the research investigates the significant potential of China's consumer market alongside persistent challenges:slowing household income growth,relative surplus of traditional consumer goods,and an underdeveloped consumption institutional framework.Analyzing the policy direction set by the 2024 Central Economic Work Conference—calling for "a more proactive fiscal policy" and " moderately accommodative monetary policy"—the study finds that fiscal policy is expected to increasingly target demand-side stimulus.Concurrently,a more accommodative monetary policy is anticipated,with credit precision-directed towards nurturing new quality productive forces in emerging industries.This represents a core strategy to enhance investment efficiency.Furthermore,deepening structural reforms focused on "human capital investment" is identified as crucial for unlocking the structural consumption capacity of China's 1.4 billion population.The study concludes that a dynamic policy mix,prioritizing strategic investment and human capital development,is essential for effectively expanding domestic demand under current economic constraints.